Using the equivalent source technique to estimate noise in 4D TEM data

Summary We develop a method for estimating the noise present in a three-component transient electromagnetic (TEM) data set through the use of the equivalent source technique. Particular benefits of this method include reducing random noise due to additive processes and receiver coil orientation and position errors. The ability to de-noise multiple data sets consistently also enables the reliable processing of time-lapsed (4D) TEM survey data in a wide range of monitoring applications. We use two synthetic examples to demonstrate the viability of the technique and show that noise in such surveys can be significantly reduced. We will also demonstrate the application to a field 4D data set in the