Calibration and uniqueness analysis of microparameters for DEM cohesive granular material

Abstract The differential evolution (DE) algorithm was deployed to calibrate microparameters of the DEM cohesive granular material. 4 macroparameters, namely, uniaxial compressive strength, direct tensile strength, Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio, can be calibrated to high accuracy. The best calibration accuracy could reach the sum of relative errors REsum