Types of road pricing, and measuring scheme cost and performance

Different types of road pricing schemes (point, cordon, area, distance) will be addressed, including how we pay at the moment, how technology might enable different types of payment, examples of different types of payment and how we might pay differently to use roads in the future. The chapter will also introduce the technologies used in road pricing. It is an update of an Intelligent Transport Systems (UK) White Paper. New approaches to measuring the cost and performance of road user charging schemes will also be covered. We aim to address many of the misconceptions that arise from comparing the operating cost and performance amongst schemes that have different policy objectives and operating characteristics.