Borderline personality disorder: The treatment recommendations of the Swiss Society of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (SSPP)

The primary form of treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is outpatient psychotherapy with a frequency of 1–2 sessions per week for 1–3 years. The basic principles specific to the disorder are at the basis of the treatment. Discussion of diagnosis, psychoeducation, the definition of therapy goals and their regular verification, as well as having a crisis plan, are the conditions for successful treatment. Particular attention is devoted to the establishment and creation of a therapeutic relationship. The flexible, situation-dependent adaptation of the therapist (“responsiveness”) to each patient and a constructive approach to critical interpersonal situations (for example, suicidal and self-harming behaviors) are central. Therapist supervision or intervision are essential parts of the treatment.Several disorder-specific therapeutic approaches are effective. Training, as well as post-graduate or continuous training, on evidence-based interventions is recommended.