Three-Dimensional Highway Design Methodologies Based on Piecewise Polynomials and Integral Bézier Splines

In this paper we present two 3-dimensional highway design methodologies, one based on piecewise polynomials and another based on integral Bezier splines. We present several practical examples to demonstrate the applicability of the approaches in real-world highway design processes from the driver's safety perspective. We also present the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed and existing methodologies. We also discuss the interrelations among safety, environment, and energy from highway design perspective. The developed methodologies can aid in better design of next generation of highways and also aid in the future research in vehicle infrastructure integration, route guidance, congestion management, and communication technologies.