Focused Ultrasound–Triggered Release of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor From Thermosensitive Liposomes for Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract This study reports, for the first time, development of tyrosine kinase inhibitor–loaded, thermosensitive liposomes (TKI/TSLs) and their efficacy for treatment of renal cell carcinoma when triggered by focused ultrasound (FUS). Uptake of these nanoparticles into renal cancer cells was visualized with confocal and fluorescent imaging of rhodamine B–loaded liposomes. The combination of TKI/TSLs and FUS was tested in an in vitro tumor model of renal cell carcinoma. According to MTT cytotoxic assay and flow cytometric analysis, the combined treatment led to the least viability (23.4% ± 2.49%, p p p p