Inclusion of carbon nanotubes in a TiO2 sol–gel matrix

Abstract We report here the successful inclusion of carbon nanotubes (CNs) into a TiO 2 matrix prepared by a sol–gel method. The presence of CNs in the sol–gel matrix and the structure of the film were analyzed principally by transmission electron microscopy. Complementary information about the behavior of embedded carbon nanotubes versus heat treatment and ion irradiation were obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The elaboration of an inorganic matrix containing embedded carbon nanotubes leads to a new nanocomposite. The possible applications of this nanocomposite are discussed.