A influência dos fatores genéticos sobre a etiologia da hipomineralização molar-incisivo: revisão de Literatura

Objective: To verify the literature on the influence of genetic factors on the etiology of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (HMI). Methods: We searched for the descriptors registered in MeSH “genetics”, “dental enamel hypoplasia”, “molar” and “incisor” in the Pubmed database, connected by the Boolean operator “AND”. In the period from 2009 to 2019, 15 studies were found, of which, after reading the titles and abstracts, 8 were selected. Studies in humans and animals that addressed the topic were included, excluding literature reviews, reports case studies and unavailable studies. Results: 3 studies concluded that there is a strong association of the amelogenin, enamelin, SCUBE1 and FAM83H genes with HMI. 1 study suggested that mutations in the STIM1 gene affect the maturation process of ameloblasts, while another study showed that the epithelial interaction between fibronectin and β1 integrin is important for enamel formation. 1 study inferred that there is a higher prevalence of IMH in monozygotic twins compared to dizygotic twins. 2 studies concluded that variations in genes related to amelogenesis were associated with the development of IMH. Final Considerations: Studies suggest that there is a genetic influence on the etiology of HMI, combined with environmental, socioeconomic factors and the individual's systemic conditions.