An over view of genetic transformation methods for stress adaption in Wheat

Abiotic stresses especially drought and heat are major environmental factors that limit wheat production worldwide. To ensure food security for ever increasing world population, improving wheat yield under such stress conditions is important. In this study, transgenic events were analysed with different conditions for genetic transformation and their effect on wheat, changes during different in-vitro developmental stages after transformation. Previous reports from various researchers indicated that drought stress at early reproductive stage and heat stress at grain filling stage had severe impact on wheat development. In this study a total of 3500 wheat calli were used, including five genotypes that responded best for in-vitro tissue culture. The stress may also hamper many critical processes including floral development, photosynthetic activity and stomatal movement. Furthermore, the validation of best genetic transformation method within minimum time period is effectively used in future and confirmed their responsiveness to abiotic stress under different genetic backgrounds. This study not only improved our understanding of wheat changes during transgenic development but also provided useful information to manipulate stress tolerant gene in wheat by transgenic technology. The comparison of two methods Agrobacterium mediated and particle bombardment can be useful in development of transgenic wheat for various abiotic and biotic stresses in future. Further verification of transformation conditions, chemicals and concentration of growth hormones in this study will shed light in this area in future for other related crops.