MS 마커 다형성을 이용한 칡소의 유전적 다양성 및 병목현상 분석

This study was conducted to identify the genetic diversity and characteristics of the Chikso population that is underutilized in Korea beef industry compared to Hanwoo despite being the indigenous cattle genetic resource of Korea. However, although the Chikso population, which was endangered, succeeded in securing a moderate level of herds through the restoration project. Alleles of 11 MS loci were analyzed to determine the genetic diversity and bottleneck event of the Chikso population during restoration project. The mean observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.753(HObs) and 0.765(HExp), respectively, while the mean polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.732. Thus, the genetic diversity of Chikso population remained relatively high. Using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) test, 5 out of loci significantly (p<0.05) deviated from the genetic equilibrium. In order to test the mutation drift equilibrium in Chikso population using 11 loci genotypic data, three mutation models of microsatellite evolution were assumed IAM (Infinite Allele Model), SMM (Stepwise Mutation Model) and TPM (Two-Phase Mutation Model). All three tests in this study showed that the Chikso population deviated significantly from the mutation drift equilibrium, suggesting that a recent genetic bottleneck occurred. Furthermore, the qualitative test of allele frequency distribution in Chikso population revealed a strong mode shift from the normal L-shaped form suggesting that the population had experienced genetic bottleneck in the recent past. The present study is the first report in demonstrating the genetic basis for the demographic bottlenecks in a Chikso population. These results are considered to be an important essential data for eastablishing various breeding and branding strategies of the Korean beef industry based on the use of Chikso as a new breeding genetic resource.