Comparison of dementia incidence and prevalence between individuals with and without HIV infection in primary care from 2000 to 2016.

2021 
OBJECTIVE To compare dementia incidence and prevalence after age 50 by HIV status. DESIGN Observational cohort, 2000 to 2016. METHODS People with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and demographically-similar people without HIV (PWoH), all aged 50 years and older, were identified from Kaiser Permanente healthcare systems in Northern California, Southern California, and Mid-Atlantic States (Maryland, Virginia, Washington D.C.). Dementia diagnoses were obtained from electronic health records. Incidence and prevalence of dementia, overall and by time period (i.e., 2000-2002, 2003-2004, …, 2015-2016), were calculated using Poisson regression. Trends were examined using Joinpoint regression. Rate ratios were used to compare dementia by HIV status with adjustment for sociodemographics, substance use, and clinical factors. RESULTS The study included 13,296 PWH and 155,354 PWoH (at baseline: for both, mean age = 54 years, 89% male; for PWH, 80% with HIV RNA <200 copies/ml). From 2000 to 2016, overall incidence of dementia was higher among PWH (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.60-2.04). Dementia incidence decreased among both PWH and PWoH (-8.0% and -3.1% per period, respectively), but remained higher among PWH in the most recent time period, 2015-2016 (aIRR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.18-2.12). The overall prevalence of dementia from 2000-2016 was higher among PWH (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.70-2.04) and was also higher among PWH in 2015-2016 (aPR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.56-1.97). CONCLUSION Reductions in dementia incidence are encouraging and may reflect ART improvement, but PWH are still more likely to have dementia than PWoH. Monitoring the burden of dementia among PWH is important as this population ages.
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