Future role of marine protected areas in the dynamics and management of exploited ecosystems
2014
In a context of global change, the international scientific community recommends an increase in the number of MPAs for the preservation of biodiversity and the sustainable exploitation of resources. It is thus advisable to estimate the real efficiency of MPAs and to follow their evolution in time. Within the framework of the French project ANR AMPHORE, research operations were led in two West African reserves: Sine Saloum estuary in Senegal and PNBA in Mauritania. Information on the fish assemblage inside and outside of the reserves was collected as well as the fishing activities in the bordering zones of the MPAs. Besides, IBM and ecosystem modelling were realized, allowing to better understand the real evolution of the fish populations and the contribution of MPAs to the outside areas. The conjugation of methods used at different scales of observation and processing, gave a clearer vision of the real efficiency of these reserves: effects are not immediate and long-term measures need to be set up for ecosystems restoration, with possibly late returns on investment. It clearly appeared that the systematic implementation of MPAs with severe limitations and bans on use could lead to real difficulties of acceptability for the local populations
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