Numerical thermal study on performance of hybrid nano-Williamson fluid with memory effects using novel heat flux model

Abstract Conservation laws, non-classical heat and mass flux models, and correlations for thermos-physical properties of hybrid nanostructures and fluid are used for the formulation of problems. The numerical solutions for modeled flow problems (PDEs with suitable boundary conditions) are computed using the finite element method (FEM). These numerical solutions are used in simulations under variation of various types of parameters obtained as a result of dimensional analysis. The role of simultaneous dispersion of Mo S 2 and Si O 2 as hybrid nanoparticles on the thermal performance of Williamson fluid and transport of species in Williamson fluid are investigated. A significant rise in the effectiveness of thermal conductivity of Williamson is observed due to the dispersion of hybrid nanostructures. It is also noted that the effectiveness of thermal conductivity due to hybrid nano-structures is higher than the effectiveness of thermal conductivity due to nano-structures. A remarkable drag on the flow of fluid due to the presence of porous medium is observed. Further, Forchheirmer porous medium offers more resistance to flow than the resistance by Darcy's porous medium. A significant decrease in temperature and concentration fields against relaxation parameters is observed. Consequently, a decline in thermal and concentration thickness is noted.