Casein kinase 2 modulates the spindle assembly checkpoint to orchestrate porcine oocyte meiotic progression.

Background: CK2 (casein kinase 2) is a serine/threonine-selective protein kinase that has been involved in a variety of cellular processes such as DNA repair, cell cycle control and circadian rhythm regulation. However, its functional roles in oocyte meiosis have not been fully determined. Results: We report that CK2 is essential for porcine oocyte meiotic maturation by regulating spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Immunostaining and immunoblotting analysis showed that CK2 was constantly expressed and located on the chromosomes during the entire oocyte meiotic maturation. Inhibition of CK2 activity by its selective inhibitor CX-4945 impaired the first polar body extrusion and arrested oocytes at M I stage, accompanied by the presence of BubR1 at kinetochores, indicative of activated SAC. In addition, we found that spindle/chromosome structure was disrupted in CK2-inhibited oocytes due to the weakened microtubule stability, which is a major cause resulting in the activation of SAC. Last, we found that the level DNA damage as assessed by gammaH2A.X staining was considerably elevated when CK2 was inhibited, suggesting that DNA damage might be another critical factor leading to the SAC activation and meiotic failure of oocytes. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that CK2 promotes the porcine oocyte maturation by ensuring normal spindle assembly and DNA damage repair.