Nitrous oxide emission from livestock production

Livestock production provides food and raw materials in addition to being means of  livelihoods to millions of people. However, their production is associated with pollution  among which is greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Livestock contributes 80% of the total  GHG emission from agricultural sector. These emissions are originated from enteric  fermentations and manure management. Emissions from manure management are mostly  Nitrous oxide. Five (5) sources of N O emission from livestock were identified and are dung 2 and urine from grazing animals deposited in pastures, indirect sources, animal wastes in  stables and storages, application of animal wastes to land and burning of dung with emission  proportion of 41, 27, 19, 10 and 3% respectively. IPCC developed methods for estimation  N O emission designated as Tier 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Using Tier 1 method a total of 2 453.027 gigagrams of N O were emitted from livestock, considering class of livestock 2 ruminant dominated the emission with cattle alone emitted 47.83% of the total emission.  Based on regions, Asia produces the highest emission from N O with 51% in the year 2016. 2 Tier 3 method can be used to get a relative accurate measurement of the emission as well as  GLEAM model. Mitigation options should be explored in order to minimise GHG emission  and environmental pollution from livestock as well as nutrients losses which translate to  increase cost of production.  La production animale fournit de la nourriture et des matieres premieres en plus d'etre un  moyen de subsistance pour des millions de personnes. Cependant, leur production est  associee a une pollution dont les emissions de gaz a effet de serre (GES). L'elevage contribue  a 80% des emissions totales de GES du secteur agricole. Ces emissions proviennent des  fermentations enteriques et de la gestion du fumier. Les emissions provenant de la gestion du  fumier sont principalement de l'oxyde nitreux. Cinq (5) sources d'emission de N2O provenant  du betail ont ete identifiees et sont les excrements et l'urine d'animaux de pâturage deposes  dans les pâturages, les sources indirectes, les dechets animaux dans les etables et les  entrepots, l'epandage de dechets animaux sur le sol et le brulage des excrements avec une