Electrochemistry of carbon relative to batteries and fuel cells. Technical report

Carbon of various types are extensively used in battery and fuel-cell applications as electronic conductors, a catalyst for specific reactions, a support for other catalysts, and as a high-surface-area electrode affording a large total capacity (capacitor batteries). This report considers the basic properties of carbons and graphites of importance to these applications including the electronic and solid state properties; pore structure of activated carbons; intrinsic surface electronic and electrochemical properties; surface-chemical groups and acid/base properties; redox reactions on carbon/graphite surfaces; electrocatalytic properties of carbon surfaces for various electrode reactions; Chemically modified carbon/graphite surfaces; electrochemical oxidation of carbon in battery and fuel cell applications.