Comparison of dynamic changes of endogenous hormones between calli derived from mature and immature embryos of maize.
2011
Mature and immature embryos of maize inbred lines 87-1 and 137 were used as explants to induce callus on
improved N6 medium. The contents of endogenous hormones abscisic acid (ABA), indoleacetic acid (IAA), gibberellic
acid (GA3) and cytokinins (ZR) of immature, mature embryos and their corresponding calli were detected
by method of enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). At the beginning of culture, IAA and GA3 levels decreased
rapidly and reached their lowest levels at day 7, indicating that large amounts of IAA and GA3 are needed
for germination. Levels of IAA and GA3 were highest at the beginning of embryonic callus formation from immature
embryos, suggesting high levels of IAA and GA3 were beneficial to induction of embryonic callus from immature
embryos (CIME). The IAA, GA3 and ABA contents and ration of IAA to ABA (IAA/ABA), GA3 to ABA (GA3/ABA) in
callus of mature embryos (CME) were higher than those of CIME after the 14th day from culture initiation and the
changes of ratios IAA/ABA and GA3/ABA increased rapidly in CME while they remained low in CIME during the
whole experimental period. This inferred that high levels of IAA, GA3 or ABA and large increases in IAA/ABA and
GA3/ABA might hinder the induction and maintenance of embryonic calli from mature embryos.
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