Biofuels production using wheat straw

Abstract The energy requirement of our society are fulfilled by fossil fuels which are very limited and it plays a major role in polluting our environment. The responsibility over the pollution and high consumption rate for fossil fuels has taken the focus of the research over the development of alternatives such as biofuels. Biofuels are eco-friendly, completely combustible, and nontoxic which makes it as the potential green alternative for replacement of fossil fuels. Biofuels are produced from the agricultural waste such as wheat straw, husk, leaves, etc., which contain an appropriate amount of polysaccharide which can be converted into biofuels by undergoing different process. Like other lignocellulosic biomass, wheat straw requires different pretreatment technique followed by hydrolysis in order to utilize polysaccharides cellulose and hemicellulose and the polyaromatic compound lignin. This chapter presents a summary for the utilization of wheat straw in biofuels production by using cellulase microbes produced from different fungus and bacteria. Pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation as well as production of different form of biofuels by the help of different studies were also discussed in this chapter.