Proyecto internacional INSPIRE: «¿Qué es normal en la leche humana» (II). Compuestos inmunológicos solubles

Newborn immune protection mostly relies on maternal immune factors provided through milk. However, studies dealing with an in-depth profiling of the different immune compounds present in human milk and with the assessment of their natural variation in healthy women from different populations are very scarce. In this context, the objective of this work was the detection and quantification of a wide array of immune compounds, including innate immunity factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, INFγ, TNFα), acquired immunity factors (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17), chemokines (IL-8, Groα, MCP1, MIP1β), growth factors (IL-5, IL-7, EGF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, TGFβ2), and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM), in milk produced by healthy women of different ethnicities living in different geographic, dietary, socioeconomic, and environmental settings. Among the analyzed factors (IgA, IgG, IgM, EGF, TGFβ2, IL-7, IL-8, Groα, and MIP1β) were detected in all or most of the samples collected in each population and, therefore, this specific set of compounds might be considered as a universal core of soluble immune factors in milk produced by healthy women worldwide.