La organización de la violencia militar en el siglo XXI

The essay analyzes the sociological foundations of military violence in the 21st century. The first part of the article engages critically with the three dominant contemporary approaches in the study of organised violence: a) the decline of violence perspective, b) the new wars theories and c) the technological displacement approach. It argues that despite theirobvious merits, these three perspectives do not provide an adequate interpretation of recent socialchange. In particular, it contests their emphasis on the radical discontinuity in the character of the contemporary military violence when compared to the previous historical periods. Hence, to remedy this –in the second part of the article– it develops an alternative, a longue duree, sociological interpretation centred on the role of organisational, ideological and micro-interactional powers in the transformation ofmilitary violence. In contrast to the three dominant perspectives, it argues that the 21st-century organisation of military violence has changed but it still exhibits much more organisational continuity with the last two centuries than usually assumed. More specifically, the argument centres on the long-termimpact of the three historical processes that have shaped the dynamics of military violence: the cumulative bureaucratisation of coercion, the centrifugal ideologisation and the envelopment of micro-solidarity.