Genomics-based high-resolution mapping of the BaMMV/BaYMV resistance gene rym11 in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Soil-borne barley yellow mosaic virus disease, caused by different strains of Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV), is one of the most important diseases of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Europe and East Asia. The recessive resistance gene rym11 located in the centromeric region of chromosome 4HL is effective against all so far known strains of BaMMV and BaYMV in Germany. In order to isolate this gene, a high-resolution mapping population (10,204 meiotic events) has been constructed. F2 plants were screened with co-dominant flanking markers and segmental recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were tested for resistance to BaMMV under growth chamber and field conditions. Tightly linked markers were developed by exploiting (1) publicly available barley EST sequences, (2) employing barley synteny to rice, Brachypodium distachyon and sorghum and (3) using next-generation sequencing data of barley. Using this approach, the genetic interval was efficiently narrowed down from the initial 10.72 % recombination to 0.074 % recombination. A marker co-segregating with rym11 was developed providing the basis for gene isolation and efficient marker-assisted selection.