Estados afectivos, autorregulación psíquica y conductas frente a la enfermedad en pacientes con inicio de sida

Introduccion: se reporta la relacion entre VIH/sida y enfermedad mental, pero en Cuba no se han estudiado alteraciones de la vida psiquica en pacientes con comienzo de sida. Metodos: poblacion de estudio: pacientes con diagnostico de aparicion de sida a menos de un ano del diagnostico, de ambos sexos; se empleo el sistema de registro SIDATRAT listandose y localizandose los casos. Se propuso conocer el comportamiento de variables de la vida psiquica en pacientes con aparicion de sida y su asociacion con inmunocompetencia. Resultados: se estimaron estados afectivos, autorregulacion psiquica, conductas frente a la enfermedad, linfocitos CD4+ y carga viral en 42 pacientes con inicio de sida con y sin sintomas psicopatologicos. Se emplearon estadisticas descriptivas y ANOVA de comparacion de medias para relacionar variables y pruebas robustas confirmatorias. Los estados afectivos negativos no fueron buenos indicadores de alteracion psiquica, con medias homogeneas entre grupos. En pacientes sintomaticos predomino la toma de decisiones reflexivas-responsabilidad, con medias superiores para descontrol e inferiores en autocontrol indicadoras de peor afrontamiento. Puntajes altos para autocontrol se asociaron con baja carga viral, pero no con conteos de LT CD4+; no se relacionaron variables psiquicas con inmunocompetencia Introduction: the relationship between HIV/AIDS and mental illness has been reported, but no studies have been conducted in Cuba about psychic alterations in patients at clinical onset of AIDS. Methods: study population: patients of both sexes with a diagnosis of AIDS onset within a year after diagnosis. The record system SIDATRAT was used to list and locate the cases. The purpose was to learn about the behavior of psychic variables in patients at clinical onset of AIDS and their association with immunocompetence. Results: estimation was made of affective states, psychic self-regulation, behavioral response to the disease, CD4+ lymphocytes and viral load in 42 patients at clinical onset of AIDS with and without psychopathological symptoms. Descriptive statistics analysis, ANOVA mean comparison, was performed to relate variables and robust confirmatory tests. Negative affective states were not good indicators of psychic alteration, with homogeneous means between the groups. Reflexive decision making responsibility predominated among symptomatic patients, with upper means for discontrol and lower means for self-control, indicative of worst coping. High self-control scores were associated with a low viral load, but not with TL CD4+ counts. No psychic variable was related to immunocompetence