Customized integrated circuits in high-energy experiments: Review

The design and applications of customized large-scale integrated circuits (LSICs) for high-energy experiments are reviewed. Block diagrams and the characteristics of general-purpose devices such as time-to-digital converters, fast analog static and dynamic (with switched capacitors) memories, two-dimensional silicon detector arrays and related converters, and data preprocessors are discussed. The review also considers a general approach to the design of the physical facilities for experiments with multiple detector channels at future high-intensity colliders, tentative applications of neural network processors, optical detection and data transfer from arrays of charge-particle detectors, with applications of programmed logic arrays to building in-house state-of-the-art devices.