The Harper–Hofstadter Hamiltonian and conical diffraction in photonic lattices with grating assisted tunneling

We propose the realization of a grating assisted tunneling scheme for tunable synthetic magnetic fields in optically induced one- and two-dimensional dielectric photonic lattices. As a signature of the synthetic magnetic fields, we demonstrate conical diffraction patterns in particular realization of these lattices, which possess Dirac points in k-space. We compare the light propagation in these realistic (continuous) systems with the evolution in discrete models representing the Harper–Hofstadter Hamiltonian, and obtain excellent agreement.