Don Carlos M2015 : new variety of bread wheat with wide adaptation for rainfed crops in Mexico

espanolUna alternativa para enfrentar la problematica biotica y abiotica en las zonas trigueras de temporal en Mexico, es el uso de variedades mejoradas que minimicen sus efectos negativos. Resultado del proceso de mejoramiento genetico del programa de trigo de temporal del INIFAP, se pone a disposicion la nueva variedad de trigo harinero panificable Don Carlos M2015. Los progenitores que le dieron origen a la variedad fueron la linea experimental BABAX*2/PRL y la variedad Tlaxcala F2000; posteriormente se realizo la seleccion hacia homocigosis a traves del metodo masivo. Como linea avanzada, Don Carlos M2015 se evaluo en 79 localidades en 11 estados de Mexico en condiciones de temporal de 2012 a 2015, en donde supero el rendimiento de las 11 variedades testigo con que se comparo 9% (Altiplano F2007) hasta 30% (Nana F2007), comportamiento similar en condiciones favorables, intermedias y criticas de produccion. En ese periodo de evaluacion Don Carlos M2015 fue moderadamente resistente a royas y tolerante al complejo de enfermedades foliares, superando a las variedades testigo. Cuando se evaluo con y sin proteccion de fungicidas, los tizones y manchas foliares afectaron el rendimiento 18% y la roya amarilla 16%, mientras a las variedades testigo afectaron hasta 36% y 54%, respectivamente. Por su combinacion de grano duro, masa media fuerte y extensible, Don Carlos M2015 es adecuada para panificacion en la industria semimecanizada o manual y como mejoradora de masas tenaces y fuertes en la industria mecanizada. Por lo anterior, Don Carlos M2015 es una nueva opcion para agricultores de zonas productoras de trigo de temporal en Mexico. Palabras clave: mayor rendimiento, tolerancia a enfermedades, trigo harinero, variedad nueva EnglishAn alternative to face the biotic and abiotic problems in the wheat producing areas of rainforest in Mexico, is the use of improved varieties that minimize their negative effects. Result of the process of genetic improvement of the program of wheat of temporary of the INIFAP, puts at the disposal of the producers of Mexico the new variety of bread wheat bread Don Carlos M2015. The parents that gave rise to the variety were the BABAX*2/PRL experimental line and the Tlaxcala F2000 variety; subsequently, the selection was made towards homozygosis through the mass method. As an advanced line, Don Carlos M2015 was evaluated in 79 locations in 11 states of Mexicoin temporary conditions from 2012 to 2015, where it exceeded the overall yield of the 11 control varieties with which was compared 9% (Altiplano F2007) to 30% (Nana F2007), behavior that was similar under favorable, intermediate and critical production conditions. During this evaluation period, Don Carlos M2015 was moderately resistant torusts and tolerant to the foliar diseases complex, surpassing in general all the control varieties. When evaluated with and without protection with fungicides, the blights and leaf spots affected the yield 18% and the yellow rust 16%, while the control varieties affected them up to 36% and 54%, respectively. Due to its combination of hard grain, strong medium mass and extensible, Don Carlos M2015 is suitable for baking in the semi-mechanized or manual industry and as an improver of tenacious and strong masses in the mechanized industry. Due to the above, Don Carlos M2015 is a new option for farmers in the areas of temporary wheat production in Mexico. Keywords:bread wheat, disease tolerance, higher yield, new variety.