Une transformation non consensuelle du jeu politique: autorisation du multipartisme et alternance politique en Turquie (1945-1950)

EnglishThe paper analyzes the transformation of the one-party system in multi-party system in Turkey between 1945 and 1950. It shows that this transformation was not made on the basis of a consensus among political competitors. It consists of successive adaptations of the former single party to deal with the constraints of the postwar period. It was accompanied by no steps to disembed political and state fields. This is then the breaking of collusive transactions that linked the former single party and strategic sectors of the State which has made possible the change in power through the ballot box in 1950. Consequently, the Turkish case allows analyzing the complexity of pluralist political configurations and encourages a multi-sectoral analytical approach attentive to the interactions between actors located in multiple social fields. francaisL’article analyse les modalites de la transformation du regime de parti unique en regime multipartite en Turquie (1945-1950). Il fait l’hypothese que la transformation ne s’est pas operee sur les bases d’un consensus entre les concurrents politiques mais resulte d’adaptations du regime aux contraintes de l’apres-guerre. L’autorisation du multipartisme ne s’accompagne ainsi d’aucune demarche visant a autonomiser les champs politique et etatique, et c’est la rupture des transactions collusives liant l’ancien parti unique et des secteurs strategiques de l’Etat qui rend possible l’alternance en 1950. Le cas turc permet donc de restituer la complexite des configurations politiques pluralistes et oriente vers une demarche analytique multisectorielle attentive aux interactions observables entre agents situes dans de multiples sites de l’espace social.