Suicide Screening in Sturge-Weber Syndrome: An Important Issue in Need of Further Study

Abstract Background Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a neurocutaneous disorder associated with epilepsy, glaucoma, cognitive impairments, and a port-wine birthmark. Although individuals with SWS are vulnerable to known risk factors for suicide, including chronic illness and physical differences (port-wine birthmark), frequency of suicidal ideation and attempts in youth and adults with SWS is unknown. Purpose We aimed to assess the frequency of positive screens for suicidal thoughts or actions, and the clinical factors associated with suicide risk, in patients with SWS. Methods As a part of routine hospital practice, all outpatients age 8 and older underwent suicide risk screening during nursing triage using a standardized suicide screening tool. Suicide risk screening results, demographic variables, and medical history (as available) for patients with SWS (N=34; Median age=15.5; Range=8-47yrs, 44% male) and other neurological conditions seen at the same institution (N=369; Median age=14; Range=8-78yrs, 66% male) were used for retrospective within- and between-group analysis. Results In the combined sample of SWS and neurologically involved patients, a positive suicide risk screen was related to SWS diagnosis (p=0.043); analysis by sex showed SWS diagnosis increased risk in males (p=0.008) but not females. Within the SWS group, use of a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (p=0.019) was related to a positive risk screen. Conclusion People with SWS may be at greater risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviors than those with other neurological conditions. Further study of suicide risk in patients with SWS is needed.