Modelo Phantom e índices de proporcionalidad en categorías de edad de gimnasia acrobática: un estudio transversal y descriptivo

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze body proportionality through the Phantom strategy and body indexes, in the different age categories that make up the regulated competition in GA, in its two fundamental roles of tops and bases. Material and methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study. The study population consisted of national-level gymnasts. The selection criterion was participation in the Spanish championships. Those of a lower level and not being female were excluded. Body proportionality was evaluated by the Phantom strategy and body indexes, such as weight index, relative upper limb length, skeletal index, cormic index, acromio-iliac index and relative armspan. A general and multiple comparative analysis was carried out between age categories. Results: Sample of n = 54 tops (age (X) = 11.23 years; SD = 3.04) and n = 75 female bases (X = 14.46 years; DT = 2.08) distributed in the juvenile, infant category, cadet, youth, junior and senior. In tops gymnasts, the differences between groups in the phantom values o f proportionality of weight (p = .032), and diameters of the humerus (p = .034), wrist (p = .002) and femur (p = .004). As well as in the proportionality indices of the relative length of the upper extremities (p = .016), skeletal index (p = .008), and cormic index (p = .008). Among the overall differences in the female bases, the phantom values o f weight (p = .008), abdominal girth (p = .045), gluteus (p = .001) and relaxed arm (p = .015), while in the index only show differences in the iliac acromio index (p = .008). Conclusion s : There are not too many significant differences in anthropometric proportionality between age groups in any of the roles studied. It is not possible to establish a clear gradual evolution of these. However, knowing the proportionality and its specificities, allow a good talent detection.