Imagens Orbitais e Termografia Infravermelho na Avaliação da Temperatura de Superfície em Diferentes Usos e Cobertura do Solo na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós e seu Entorno, PA (Orbital images and infrared thermography to assess surface temperature in ...)

2016 
A Temperatura da Superficie Terrestre (TST), alem de ser uma componente importante no balanco de energia na superficie, modula a temperatura do ar nas camadas mais baixas da atmosfera. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a variacao da temperatura de superficie em Diferentes Usos e Cobertura do Solo na Floresta Nacional do Tapajos e seu Entorno. Utilizou-se sensores “Thermal Infrared Sensor” dos satelites Ladsat 5 e 8 atraves dos “softwares” PCI Geomatica 2015 e o QGis 2.8. Fez-se campanha de campo para obtencao de imagens termogeficas no infravermelho (câmera ThermoVision, modelo A320). Os resultados apontaram maior variabilidade espacial de TST em funcao da heterogeneidade do uso da terra como a agricultura anual, pecuaria extensiva, dentre outros. Os resultados evidenciaram uma amplitude termica de 13oC na FNT+ZA. Em area de Floretas, vegetacao secundaria, pasto, agricultura anual as maiores variacoes termicas (TST) chegaram a valores de 25oC, 26oC, 35oC e 33oC, respectivamente. A amplitude termica na FNT foi de 5oC e na Zona de Amortecimento de 20o, indicando perdas na cobertura vegetal, principalmente na porcao nordeste da ZA. Nas areas de protecao legal a variacao de TST foi entre 19oC a 29oC. Conclui-se que na FLONA Tapajos a manutencao da cobertura florestal reduz as amplitudes termicas. Por outro lado, as extensas areas com pastagens e cultivos anuais na porcao nordeste da FLONA apresentam as maiores variacoes espaciais da TST na Zona de Amortecimento que podem comprometer o microclima na FNT+ZA Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;} A B S T R A C T Earth Surface Temperature (EST), besides being an important component in the surface energy balance, modulates air temperature in the lower layers of the atmosphere. The present study aimed to analyze the variation in surface temperature in different land uses and covers in the Tapajos National Forest (TNF) and its surroundings (D amping Zone – DZ; Surrounding Area – EA) . The thermal infrared sensor of satellites Landsat 5 and 8 and the software’s PCI Geomatica 2015 and QGis 2.8 were used. A field campaign was carried out to obtain thermographic infrared images (ThermoVision A320 camera). The results indicated greater spatial variability in EST as a function of land use heterogeneity, such as annual agriculture and extensive livestock farming, among others. The results showed thermal amplitude of 13 °C in the TNF+DZ. In areas covered with forest, secondary vegetation, pasture, and annual agriculture, the greatest variations in EST reached 25 °C, 26 °C, 35 °C, and 33 °C, respectively. The thermal amplitude was 5 °C in the TNF and 20 °C in the surrounding areas, which indicates plant cover loss, particularly in the northeast portion of the DZ. In the legal protection areas, EST varied by 19 °C to 29 °C. It is concluded that maintaining forest cover in the TNF reduces thermal amplitudes. However, the vast areas covered with pastures and annual crops in the northeast portion of the TNF have greater spatial variations in EST in the damping zone that may compromise the microclimate in the TNF and its surroundings. Keywords: Remote sensing, Landsat, Atmospheric correction, Variation in EST .
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