Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic evaluation of articular cartilage: A review of current and future trends

ABSTRACTThis review describes recent developments and applications of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for characterization of articular cartilage integrity. It summarizes the research findings in this area and presents some spectral ranges and peaks associated with the different properties and components of articular cartilage. We further describe recent adaptations of NIR spectroscopy for clinical evaluation of articular cartilage injury and degeneration. Critical to accurate decision-making during repair surgery is having clear knowledge of lesion severity and spread, and how to grade the quality of surrounding cartilage. Thus, in this review, we detail efforts aimed at quantification and classification of cartilage pathology using NIR spectroscopy. Finally, we present open questions and challenges with a view to guiding future directions in NIR spectroscopy research on articular cartilage.