Diversité des agricultures – le cas des filières céréales, oléagineux et légumineuses à graines

The objective of this article is to describe, without being exhaustive, the diversity of agriculture through examples of cropping systems and cultural practices, for metropolitan France and for three crop production sectors: cereals, oilseeds and legumes. The analysis of the diversity reveals ways of diversification of technical systems and cultural practices, that are strongly dependent on the diversity of added values of the sectors. With a few notable exceptions, the recommendations on the practices are vast enough to allow a diversity of cropping and farming systems, once the technological criteria of the sector have been met. Then, it is worth considering the weighting allocated to these technological criteria on the technical choices of the farmers. It also seems necessary to question the value given to the diversity by the various actors, from farmers to consumers, by estimating, in particular, the economic performance of the most diversified agricultural systems as well as the levers to increase the performances of a diversified agriculture. To strengthen resilience, it seems necessary to widen the core of knowledge on which the actors can devise new forms of diversity and to open the debate on the agricultural diversity.