Metabolic profiles of difluprednate in rabbit ocular tissues after instillation of difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion

Difluprednate (DFBA; 6α,9-difluoro-11β,17,21-trihydroxy-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione 21-acetate 17-butyrate) is an effective anti-inflammatory agent derived from prednisolone. The present study aimed to evaluate the metabolite profile of DFBA in rabbit ocular tissues after instillation of DFBA ophthalmic emulsion.The high-performance liquid chromatography with radiochemical detection was employed to analyze radioactivity in rabbit ocular tissues that had been instilled with a 3H-DFBA 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion. At 0.5 and 2 h after instillation, DFBA was not detected in the cornea, aqueous humor, or iris/ciliary body. Instead, 21-deacetylated DFBA (DFB), 17-debutylated DFB (DF), and an unknown metabolite were found.The unknown metabolite was identified as de-17-side chain-glucocorticoid metabolite (DF21C), which is a novel glucocorticoid metabolite formed by the scission of the 17-side chain via an unknown metabolic reaction pathway. The Ki value of DF21C was 5.6 × 10−7 mol/L, indicating very weak glucocorti...