Ellectrically Very Small GNSS Antenna

This paper proposes the first reported dual band electrically small cross dipole GNSS antenna with $\text{ka} . The designed antenna incorporates three types of cross dipole elements (CDEs) which are mounted on TMM 10i substrates and stack together. Four parasitic wall plates are also used to increase electrical length of the antenna at the lower frequency band of interest. The proposed novel architecture is based on electric coupling between antenna elements and their different size which could create two different frequency bands. By altering CDE length, the antenna resonance frequency bandwidth could be tuned easily. The right hand circular polarization (RHCP) is achieved by feeding antenna elements with four 90° differential phase shift. The simulation results demonstrate that the obtained realized peak gain and radiation efficiency values at center of GPS L1 (L2) center frequency bands are 2.7 dBi (2 dBi) and 87% (85%), respectively.