Microglia and other myeloid cells in CNS health and disease.

Mononuclear macrophages derived from the bone marrow (myeloid cells) are key cellular components of the innate immune system in different organs. In this mini-review, we are focused on both brain and blood macrophages known as microglia and monocytes, respectively. We provide a succinct summary of the cells' functions under both normal and pathological conditions, with particular reference to common neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In this mini-review we aim to summarize available literature on microglial and myeloid involvement in CNS disease, directing the reader towards relevant and translatable interpretations of myeloid cell function in CNS health and neurodegeneration.