Security, Evolution and

Although several pioneering biologists and economists in the twentieth century examined evolutionary linkages to human security, these approaches became much more widespread in the early twenty-first century. Looking both descriptively and proscriptively, a wide range of fields have adopted aspects of evolutionary theory and natural history to help clarify and understand security issues as varied as terrorism, asymmetric warfare, natural disaster response, and infectious disease management. The extent to which these approaches can be successfully adopted in practice remains to be seen.