Special Topics in Helium Cryogenics

In the preceding chapters, the emphasis has been on the properties of helium and its applications. However, there are numerous other topics in cryogenics which do not fall in this specific context but still have considerable relevance to the general subject of helium cryogenics. In the present chapter, three such topics are overviewed: (1) thermal insulation systems, (2) helium adsorption, and (3) magnetic refrigeration. The review of these subjects is not all-inclusive but rather represents a few areas of potential interest to the general subject of low-temperature phenomena important to the useful application of helium cryogenics.