Interconnection Optimization for Highly Efficient Perovskite Modules

This paper reports on the analysis and comparison of mechanical and laser patterning in the fabrication of perovskite thin-film photovoltaic modules. Besides stability, device upscaling and module fabrication is a key challenge for the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics. Here, the focus is on the optimization of the P2 interconnection that represents the electrical connection between serially connected cells in a module. The specific contact resistivity for P2 interconnection is determined by using an enhanced transmission line method. Mechanical or laser patterning are used to fabricate 4 cm $^{2}$ modules with aperture area efficiencies of up to 15.3% and geometrical fill factors as high as 94%. With the application of a simulation program with an integrated circuit emphasis-based electrical device model, the interconnection losses are quantified, and optimal designs for perovskite modules are presented.