Aging-Resistant Behavior and Room Temperature Electron Spin Resonance of Nd3+ in Singly and Doubly Doped BaTiO3 Ceramics Associated with Preservation History

The (Ba0.96Nd0.04)Ti0.99O3 (BN4T) and (Ba0.96Nd0.04)(Ti0.94Ce0.05)O3 (BN4TC5) ceramics were prepared via the mixed oxide route exhibited tetragonal and pseudo-cubic structures, respectively. After they were preserved over a long period of time, a broader electron spin resonance (ESR) signal at g = 2.338 and a narrow ESR signal at g = 2.151 were detected at room temperature (RT) for BN4T and BN4TC5, respectively. They most likely originated from the Nd3+ Kramers ions in BN4T and Nd3+-Ce4+ defect complexes in BN4TC5 ceramics, respectively. The origins of these two ESR signals and the aging-resistant dielectric behavior are further discussed.