Cryoturbation versus tectonic deformation along the southern edge of the Tunka Basin (Baikal Rift System), Siberia: New insights from an integrated morphotectonic and stratigraphic study
2020
The Tunka Basin is a broad, emerging basin situated between the Baikal Lake to the east and the the H¨ovsg¨ol
Lake to the west. The basin is bounded to the north and to the south by the Tunka and the Khamar-Daban
mountain ranges, respectively. The Tunka normal fault, located at the southern foothills of the Tunka mountain
range, is the main structure that controlled the development of the Tunka Basin during the Neogene.
Paleoearthquake-surface ruptures attest of its present activity; and show that its western and eastern terminations
are undergoing a tectonic inversion characterized by left-lateral-reverse deformations. The southern edge of
the Tunka Basin is classically interpreted as being tectonically controlled. In this paper, we present the results of
a geomorphological and stratigraphic analysis within its southwestern and southeastern parts suggesting that
there is no active fault affecting the foothills of the Khamar-Daban mountain range. The different features
observed in the Quaternary deposits are interpreted to be the result of periglacial processes induced by alternating
episodes of permafrost aggradation and degradation during the Holocene. Our study concludes that the
Khamar-Daban Range and the Tunka Basin are uplifting together, and that the Tunka and Mondy faults are the
two main triggers of regional earthquakes.
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