Deepening the understanding of cosmic-ray diffusion

For the first time, we characterize the rigidity regimes of the diffusion coefficient $\kappa$ for arbitrary rigidities and guide fields, which we derive as a function of physical and numerical parameters. We show that at turbulence levels above 5\% of the total magnetic field, the approximation of an energy dependence $\kappa\propto E^{1/3}$ as predicted for a Kolmogorov spectrum within Quasi-Linear Theory does not hold. Consequently, a proper description of cosmic-ray propagation can only be achieved by using a turbulence-level dependent diffusion coefficient and can contribute to solving the Galactic cosmic-ray gradient problem.