Assessment of the Performance and Shortcomings of Common Electric Vehicle Battery Technologies

In recent decades, there has been a substantial growth in EVs sales which would eventually reduce GHG emissions and improve the energy structure. However, effective exploitation of EVs requires the combination of technologies, demand, financial and political considerations which make EV transitions a more enticing option to the users. In this transition, the features of battery technology would play an integral part in the evaluation of the efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and durability of EVs. Different types of batteries have been deployed for EVs and it is not possible to determine which battery ideally satisfies all main features, including energy density, reliability, efficiency, protection, costs, and lifespans. This paper gives a detailed description of current battery technologies and examines some of the principal opportunities and shortcomings for EV applications. The study indicates that the main obstacles to large implementation in the EV industry are energy density, retail costs, technological malignancies, and power dwindling at high temperatures.