Chapter 4 – Reproduction and Life Histories

: Beginning with structure of sperm and gametes, the process of reproduction in amphibians and reptiles is summarized with examples that reveal the diversity of processes involved. A summary of mating and nesting behaviors leads into a discussion of sex determination, number and size of offspring, and seasonality of reproduction. Although most amphibians and reptiles reproduce sexually, some fascinating examples of unisexual reproduction are discussed. Energy invested in reproduction (reproductive effort) has potential survival costs. Taken together, all of these factors have produced considerable variation in life histories of these animals.