SEM Imaging Checklist

A conducting or semiconducting specimen must maintain good contact with electrical ground to dissipate the injected beam current. Without such an electrical path, even a highly conducting specimen such as a metal will show charging artifacts, in the extreme case acting as an electron mirror and reflecting the beam off the specimen. A typical strategy is to use an adhesive such as double-sided conducting tape to both grip the specimen to a support, for example, a stub or a planchet, as well as to make the necessary electrical path connection. Note that some adhesives may only be suitable for low magnification (scanned field dimensions greater than 100 × 100 μm, nominally less than 1,000× magnification) and intermediate magnification (scanned field dimensions between 100 μm x 100 μm, nominally less than 1,000X magnification and 10 μm × 10 μm, nominally less than 10,000× magnification) due to dimensional changes which may occur as the adhesive outgases in the SEM leading to image instability such as drift. Good practice is to adequately outgas the mounted specimen in the SEM airlock or a separate vacuum system to minimize contamination in the SEM as well as to minimize further dimensional shrinkage. Note that some adhesive media are also subject to dimensional change due to electron radiation damage during imaging, which can also lead to image drift.