In vitro effects of glucose and growth factors on limb bud and mandibular arch chondrocytes maintained at various serum concentrations

In human and experimental diabetic pregnancy there is an increased risk of congenital malformation in the offspring. Some malformations involve growth retardation and altered chondrocyte differentiation, suggesting that a diabetic milieu may modify embryonic cell replication and the development of (pre)chondrocytes. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of a diabetes-like environment in vitro on the growth and differentiation of rat chondrocytes in the presence of specific growth factors and different concentrations of serum