Feasibility study of the fast breeder reactor blanket as a target of plutonium denaturing and TRU transmutation for enhancement of the proliferation resistance and the actinide management in the future fuel cycle

Abstract A comparative study was performed with different designs of the fast breeder reactor (FBR) blanket to evaluate the performance of plutonium breeding accompanied with denaturing, and trans-uranium (TRU) transmutation for enhancement of the proliferation resistance and actinide management in the future fuel cycle. Four designs of the FBR blanket fuel were intercompared, conventional depleted uranium (DU) oxide fuels, DU with TRU oxide fuels, DU with TRU oxide fuels with homogeneous/heterogeneous moderators. As results, with heterogeneous moderator in the axial and the radial blanket fuels, the greatest TRU transmutation and plutonium denaturing performance were attained without deteriorating fuel breeding. Design optimization was performed as for ZrH 1.65 moderator rod/pellet arrangement in the axial and the radial blanket fuel assemblies. The optimum number of moderator rods per assembly was 25 (11% of the number of total rods) with proper mutual interval (2–3 cm) and symmetrical arrangement in the radial blanket, and insertion of 1 cm thick ZrH 1.65 moderator pellets to 4 and 10 cm from the top and the bottom planes of the active core was the optimum design in the axial blanket, in order to achieve the highest TRU transmutation ratio and plutonium denaturing performance without deteriorating fuel breeding. From the non-proliferation aspect, material attractiveness of plutonium were evaluated comparing with the criterion based on decay heat, and required TRU doping ratio in DU with TRU oxide fuel were proved to be as 1.6–2.5 wt.% with heterogeneous moderator, 2.1–3.0 wt.% with homogeneous moderator, and 4.1–5.0 wt.% without moderator. The heterogeneous loading of moderation showed the great advantages in fuel treatment in clear the heat generation limit criterion, as well as mass requirement to the initial and multi-cycle phase.