Adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea, Actividad Física y su relación con el Nivel Socioeconómico en escolares de Primaria de la capital de Granada (The relationship of Mediterranean diet adherence and Physical Activity engagement with Socioeconomic Status

espanolEn la adolescencia temprana se dan numerosas transformaciones y la adquisicion de un estilo de vida saludable es trascendental para disminuir la aparicion de enfermedades no transmisibles. Objetivo: analizar la relacion entre la practica de la actividad fisica (AF), la adherencia a la dieta mediterranea (DM) y el nivel socioeconomico (NSE). Material y metodos: en esta investigacion de diseno transversal participaron 112 escolares del tercer ciclo de Educacion Primaria de la capital de Granada, recogiendo los datos a traves de tres cuestionarios: PAQ-C, para medir la practica de AF; KIDMED para medir la adherencia a la DM y FAS III para determinar el nivel socioeconomico familiar (NSE). Resultados: el 80% de la muestra necesita mejorar su alimentacion, ya que solo dos de cada 10 ninos presenta una alta adherencia a la DM, obteniendo puntuaciones ligeramente mas altas el grupo masculino. Los ninos practicaron mas AF que las ninas. Por otro lado, se revelo que la condicion socioeconomica es un factor influyente en la practica de la AF, siendo el NSE bajo el grupo mas desfavorecido en este parametro. Por ultimo, correlaciono positivamente la practica de AF con la adherencia a la DM y el nivel socioeconomico. Conclusion: se denota la importancia de fomentar y mejorar tanto la practica de AF como la adherencia al patron dietetico Mediterraneo, desde edades tempranas. Resulta de vital importancia la creacion de programas de intervencion que fomenten la adquisicion de habitos saludables y busquen el equilibrio entre las desigualdades socioeconomicas del alumnado. EnglishA number of transitions occur during early adolescence that make the acquisition of healthy lifestyles transcendental for decreasing the onset of noncommunicable diseases. Objective: to analyse the relationship between the physical activity engagement (PA), Mediterranean diet adherence (MD) and socioeconomic status (SES).Material and methods: a crosssectional research study was conducted involving 112 schoolchildren enrolled on the third year of primary education in Granada. Data was collected data through three questionnaires. The PAQ-C estimated physical activity engagement, the KIDMED estimated Mediterranean diet adherence and the FAS III determined family socioeconomic status. Results: 80% of participants need to improve their diet as only one fifth of participating children presented high Mediterranean diet adherence. Slightly higher scores were obtained in the male group, with males also engaging in more physical activity than females. Further, it was revealed that socioeconomic status is an influential factor in relation to physical activity engagement, with those with the lowest socioeconomic status having the least favourable indices for this parameter. Finally, physical activity engagement was positively correlated with Mediterranean diet adherence and socioeconomic status. Conclusion: present research highlights the importance of promoting and improving both PA engagement and adherence to Mediterranean dietary patterns from an early age. The development of intervention programmes that promote the acquisition of healthy habits and seek a balance between the socio-economic inequalities among students.