Role of Modeling in Assessing Climate Change

Climatic changes are associated with fluctuations spanning over a period of three decades as a classic period of computing weather trends all around the world which, by studies till now, was proved to be harmful for life on earth. Natural processes going on in this earth were observed to be impacted significantly by these variations in our climate that are the result of anthropogenic activities. Rapid growth in population demands more resources for their survival that includes the basic amenities of livelihood, i.e., nutrition, energy, and housing. Limited resources in combination with the risk of climatic changes are in fact a big problem that must be solved before it results in nonreversible damage. Modeling is the advanced approach to study climate change. Right after the Second World War, predominantly in the USA, by the end of the 1960s, representatives were being presented with the model’s findings, which strongly supported the concept that the persistent intensification in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by human activities have completely changed the overall impact of global climate. With the passage of time, more advancement in modeling was observed; first of all, conceptual models were formed; those were replaced by analog models and then energy balance models were introduced by researchers. In agricultural systems, modeling as an essential tool is accomplished by scientists from different disciplines that has contributed for six decades in this field. Models have been used in ecosystem studies, hydrology, climate, crops, livestock and Hadley Climate model version 3 (HadCM3) is recently commonly used and several other Global climate models (GCMs) are in practice apart from statistical models like Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) are prominent among others for analytical climatic data studies. In order to study the climate changes; different climate projection scenarios have been made on the basis of previously provided data, i.e., rainfall, temperature, carbon dioxide and GHG emissions, and other components. On the basis of these scenarios, future predictions are likely to be more realistic and hopefully helpful for addressing the changing climatic situations across the globe and proactively devising mitigation practices to save the masses.