Over 60 Years of Age as an Independent Prognostic Factor of In-Hospital Mortality among COVID-19 Patients: A Cohort Study in an Iranian High-Incidence Area

Abstract Objectives COVID-19 continues to cause devastation throughout the world. Various factors influence the perioperative course and prognosis of COVID-19. This study aims to collate the independent prognostic factors among hospitalised COVID-19 patients in east Iran. Study design In this cohort study, all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 between 19 February 2020 and 1 August 2020 who were admitted to nine public hospitals of South Khorasan province, Iran, were enrolled. Methods Univariate analysis (chi-square [χ2], and Mann–Whitney U test) and multiple logistic regression was performed. Results This study included 1290 participants; 676 patients (52.4%) were male. A total of 1189 (92.2%) recovered and 101 (7.8%) died. The results show that in-hospital mortality increases with advanced age (the optimal cut-off point = 62 years). The following three variables were shown to have the most significant role in in-hospital mortality: age >60 years (odds ratio [OR] = 8.01, 95% CI [confidence interval] 4.8-13.35), shortness of breath (OR = 2.65, 95% CI 1.4-69.17) and atypical radiological manifestations in a chest X-ray on admission (OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.3-28.64). In the univariate analysis, associated comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, influenced the in-hospital mortality rate, while the same could not be replicated in the multiple variable analysis. Conclusions This study revealed the potential predictors of COVID-19 and highlighted the need to be cautious with advanced age and heightened clinical symptoms at the time of admission.