Social water environment governance innovation in China driven by big data: Frontier trends, dilemma challenges and optimization paths

The iterative development of big data technology has been deeply applied in the field of social water environment governance, and has shown a number of cutting-edge and characteristic trends. Big data technology and thinking promote the transformation of governance concepts to integration, the governance subject to diversification and coordination, the governance field to new-type expansion, and the governance structure to an integrated transformation in the society's water environment. At the same time, there are challenges in data quality and decision-making quality, data validation and national security, data standards and structural reforms, data innovation and application in social water environment governance driven by big data. In the future, the government needs to further strengthen the top-level design, move towards the overall governance of the water environment, fill in the legislative gaps, clarify the ownership of water environment data, increase innovative applications, tap the potential of water environment data, and provide Chinese wisdom for international water environment governance.