Neural processing of personal, relational, and collective self-worth reflected individual differences of self-esteem.

Introduction Self-esteem stems from an individual's attributes (PSE), relationships with important others (RSE), and collective membership (CSE). Our study aimed to identify neurological indicators in the processing of personal, relational, and collective self-worth, and to investigate whether these neural indicators could reflect individual differences of self-esteem. Methods Fifty students underwent the evaluation of personal, relational, and collective self-worth using a self-referential paradigm while brain activities were recorded using functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging. Meanwhile, their PSE, RSE, and CSE were measured through questionnaires. Results Conjunction analysis found self-worth processing recruited the precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, and posterior insula. Multivariate pattern analysis showed compared to relational and collective self-worth, personal self-worth processing was distinguished by cortical-midline-structures and affective-related regions, including caudate and putamen, and that these neural patterns could reflect individual differences of PSE. Compared to personal self-worth, relational self-worth was distinguished by the neural activity of temporoparietal-junction, and this neural pattern reflected individual differences of RSE. Compared to relational self-worth, collective self-worth was distinguished by neural activity of the anterior insula, and this neural pattern reflected individual differences of CSE. Discussion These results suggested the neurological indicators of self-worth can be recognized as an alternative way to reflect individual differences of self-esteem.